Three-dimensional modelling of the umbilical artery Doppler and its applications in preeclampsia assessment: a case-control study

ABSTRACT
Objective. This study was designed to examine if a 3-dimensional re-modeling of a 2-dimensional Doppler wave will perform better in screening for preeclampsia ( PE) and evaluating its severity. Currently, there is no conscience about which parameter is best;the ultrasound or Doppler indices. Verifying and validating new screening parameters will halt many PE challenges imposed on the mother and her child.
Materials and Methods. A case-control study enrolled 90 eligible primigravida’s age and body mass index-matched screened and followed till 34 weeks, where they were re-grouped into controls; and preeclampsia (PE) cases (45/90) each. Demographic, biochemical, and haematological parameters were tested followed by ultrasonic parameters [amniotic fluid index, estimated foetal weight, resistance, and pulsatility index (RI and PI)].
From Doppler strip, 5 heights were taken from a heartbeat for every patient to measure the volume under the surface (VUS) of 3 dimensional modelled Doppler.
Results. VUS was significantly low among PE cases, with strong significant associations (P < 0.001) with biochemical, haematological, and ultrasonic parameters that define PE onset and severity. Furthermore, VUS discriminated PE cases at a cut-off value of < 66 unit3, associated with 93.3%,92%, and P-value < 0.001 sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Conclusions. VUS’s strong relations and high discrimination power regarding PE onset and severity make it a recommendable parameter. It is simple and has an easy technique, without extra charge. We recommend incorporating it into anti-natal care services. More studies are warranted to unveil prognostic and other diagnostic applications in practice.