Embryoscopy and its place in gynaecology: a case series and review of literature

ABSTRACT

Background. The missed abortion has always challenged clinicians and researchers to investigate the underlying cause. In the last few decades, embryoscopy has become an indispensable tool in the field of gynaecology and related reproductive disorders. The current study aims to explore the application and intervention of embryoscopy in cases of missed abortion and attempt to understand the cases of missed abortion.
Case presentation. Presenting a series of two cases of missed abortion. The patients were counselled for embryoscopy. During embryoscopy, the products were removed and sent for the analysis of chromosomal abnormality using fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique. Further, a non-systematic review was conducted by collecting various articles on the techniques of embryoscopy, fetoscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique. The cases of missed abortion were also included in the research. The articles were collected from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, etc.
While examining, the gestational sac and embryo were found to be attached to the uterine wall, but the embryo node was not observed during embryoscopy. Additionally, chromosomal aberrations using fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique were also found to be negative.
Conclusions. There were no morphological changes found in the uterine cavity, including the conceptus. Furthermore, there were no chromosomal aberrations observed in the embryo, suggesting the presence of underlying genetic lesions that are not detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. More studies into genetic and morphological changes utilising the latest and advanced techniques are required for the understanding of factors involved in the missed abortion cases.