The multifaceted aspects of diabetes in pregnancy: prevalence, complications, and management strategies

Diabetes in pregnancy, commonly referred to as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pre-existing diabetes, poses sig­nificant risks to maternal and foetal health. This abstract ex­plores the multifaceted aspects of diabetes during pregnancy, emphasizing its prevalence, complications, and management strategies. The global rise in diabetes incidence has parallelly increased the occurrence of diabetes in pregnancy, with esti­mates suggesting that a substantial proportion of pregnant women experience some form of glucose intolerance.
Maternal complications associated with diabetes in pregnan­cy include an elevated risk of preeclampsia, caesarean section, and the development of type 2 diabetes postpartum. Foetal complications range from macrosomia and birth injuries to neonatal hypoglycaemia. Furthermore, the long-term health implications for offspring extend into childhood and adult­hood, predisposing them to metabolic disorders.
Early detection through glucose screening and timely interven­tion play pivotal roles in managing diabetes in pregnancy. Life­style modifications, nutritional counselling, and insulin therapy are integral components of the comprehensive care approach. The collaboration between obstetricians, endocrinologists, and dietitians is essential to optimize maternal glycaemic control and minimize adverse outcomes for both mother and child.
In conclusion, diabetes in pregnancy is a complex health issue with far-reaching consequences. A holistic approach encom­passing early screening, vigilant monitoring, and collabora­tive management strategies is crucial to mitigate the associat­ed risks and improve overall maternal-foetal outcomes.