Diagnosis and management of maternal and foetal complications in severe preeclampsia

Objective. Severe pre-eclampsia is a serious pathology that can be life-threatening for pregnant women, mainly due to its complications. In our country, it is the second cause of mater­nal mortality after postpartum haemorrhage. The aim of this study is to specify the epidemiological data of patients with complications of severe pre-eclampsia and the management of these complications.
Materials and Methods. This is a prospective descriptive study conducted in ward D of the Tunis Maternity and Neo­natology Centre, which is a level 3 maternity ward. We in­cluded all cases of severe pre-eclampsia managed in this ser­vice between January 2018 and December 2021. We looked for complications and evaluated the management of this pathology.
Results. We collected 84 cases of severe pre-eclampsia associ­ated with at least one complication. The mean age of the preg­nant women was 31.5 years, with extremes ranging from 21 to 39 years. The mean parity was 2.4 with extremes ranging from G1 to G6. The mean parity was 2.1. A history of pre-eclampsia was noted in 5 cases. There were 2 cases of diabetes mellitus treated with insulin and 3 cases of treated hypothyroidism. We have 54 cases of HELLP syndrome, 27 cases of acute renal failure, 13 cases of retroplacental haematoma, 6 cases of ec­lampsia and one case of haemostasis disorder.
Conclusions. Severe pre-eclampsia is a common pathology spe­cific to pregnancy, which can cause several serious complications threatening the mother’s vital prognosis. early and adequate treatment is the only way to guarantee a favourable outcome.